Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research

Original Research Article | OPEN ACCESS

Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of Aegle marmelos fruit and Moringa oleifera leaf extracts on lipopolysaccharide-stimulated BV2 microglial cells

Nootchanat Mairuae¹ , Benjaporn Buranrat¹, Supataechasit Yannasithinon¹, Poonlarp Cheepsunthorn²

¹Faculty of Medicine, Mahasarakham University, 296 Nakhornsawan Road, Talad Subdistrict Muang District, Maha Sarakham 44000, Thailand; ²Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10300, Thailand.

For correspondence:- Nootchanat Mairuae Email: nootchanat.m@msu.ac.th

Accepted: 26 May 2023 Published: 30 June 2023

Citation: Mairuae N, Buranrat B, Yannasithinon S, Cheepsunthorn P. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of Aegle marmelos fruit and Moringa oleifera leaf extracts on lipopolysaccharide-stimulated BV2 microglial cells. Trop J Pharm Res 2023; 22(6):1247-1254 doi: 10.4314/tjpr.v22i6.14

© 2023 The authors.
This is an Open Access article that uses a funding model which does not charge readers or their institutions for access and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0) and the Budapest Open Access Initiative (http://www.budapestopenaccessinitiative.org/read), which permit unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited..

Abstract

Purpose: To determine the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of Aegle marmelos fruit and Moringa oleifera (M. oleifera) Lam leaf extracts on LPS-stimulated BV2 microglial cells.

Methods: BV2 cells were incubated with LPS for 24 h in the presence or absence of A. marmelos fruit extract or M. oleifera leaf extract. Subsequently, the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF α), and interleukins (IL) 6 were assessed. Thereafter, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydraz (DPPH), 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) antioxidant assays were performed.

Results: The levels of ROS, NO, TNF α, and IL 6 in LPS-treated BV2 cells were significantly higher when compared to those in control group (p < 0.05). However, exposure of LPS-treated BV2 cells to either A. marmelos or M. oleifera leaf extract led to significant decrease in the levels of ROS and inflammatory mediators, when compared with LPS-treated group (p < 0.05). Decrease in the levels of ROS and inflammatory mediators in M. oleifera leaf extract-treated cells was also significantly larger when compared with A. marmelos-treated group (p < 0.05). The DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays revealed that M. oleifera leaf extracts had greater antioxidant capacity than A. marmelos extracts.

Conclusion: Aegle marmelos fruit and M. oleifera leaf extracts exert antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects on LPS activated BV2 cells in an in vitro model. Therefore, A. marmelos fruit and M. oleifera leaf extracts may be agents in the development of novel anti oxidative and anti-neuroinflammatory herbal medicines, or as food supplements.

Keywords: Aegle marmelos fruit, BV2 microglia, Moringa oleifera, Neuroinflammation, Reactive oxygen species (ROS)